Nguồn ngoài

Irrigation Systems Management (AET 021)

Our goal is for the reader to understand the complexities of irrigation systems and how they are to be managed to meet the water needs of the crop production system. This is not an irrigation engineering design book; we have purposely minimized the presentation of design steps and the supporting equations. The intended audience of the book is upper-level undergraduate students and graduate in agricultural or natural resource sciences.

Water Systems Technology Workforce

Tác giả: Dean E. Eisenhauer, Derrel L. Martin, Derek M. Heeren, Glenn J. Hoffman
Nhà xuất bản: University of Nebraska Lincoln
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC-ND
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Quản trị kinh doanh

Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)

Mục lục· 237 mục

01: Introduction to Irrigation
1.01: Introduction
1.02: Role of Irrigation
1.03: Irrigation Development
1.04: Impact of Irrigation on Water Resources and the Environment
1.05: Irrigation Management Concepts
1.06: Summary
1.07: Questions
1.08: References
02: Soil Water
2.01: Introduction
2.02: Soil Composition
2.03: Soil Water Content
2.04: Soil Water Potential
2.05: Available Water and the Soil Water Reservoir
2.06: Determining Available Water Capacity
2.07: Tabulated Values of Typical Soil Properties
2.08: Infiltration
2.09: Storage of Infiltrated Water
2.10: Measuring Soil Water Content and Matric Potential
2.10.01: Gravimetric Method
2.10.02: Feel and Appearance
2.10.03: Neutron Scattering
2.10.04: Time Domain Reflectometry
2.10.05: Capacitance Probes
2.10.06: Tensiometers
2.10.07: Electrical Resistance Blocks and Granular Matrix Sensors
2.10.08: Thermal Dissipation Blocks
2.10.09: Placement of Soil Water Sensors
2.10.10: Remote Sensing
2.11: Summary
2.12: Questions
2.13: References
03: Measuring Water Applications
3.01: Introduction
3.02: Basic Principles of Flow Measurement
3.03: Flow Measurement in Pipelines
3.3.01: Mechanical Meters
3.3.02: Pressure Differential Methods
3.3.03: Ultrasonic Measurement
3.3.04: Magnetic Flowmeters
3.04: Flow Measurement in Open Channels
3.4.01: Velocity Methods
3.4.02: Pressure Differential Methods
3.05: Summary
3.06: Questions
3.07: References
04: Plant Water Use
4.01: Introduction
4.02: Water Use Processes
4.03: Measurement of Evapotranspiration
4.04: Calculating ET
4.05: Reference Crop ET
4.06: Crop Coefficients
4.6.01: Basal Crop Coefficients
4.6.02: Water Stress Effects
4.6.03: Wet Soil Evaporation
4.6.04: Methods to Describe Canopy Development
4.07: Intercropping
4.08: Accessing Climatic Information
4.09: Summary
4.10: Questions
4.11: References
05: Irrigation System Performance
5.01: Introduction
5.02: Types of Systems
5.2.01: Sprinkler Irrigation
5.2.02: Surface Irrigation
5.2.03: Microirrigation
5.03: Performance Measures
5.3.01: Efficiency
5.3.02: Application Uniformity
5.3.03: Adequacy of Irrigation
5.3.04: Application of Efficiency of the Low Quarter
5.3.05: The Scheduling Coefficient
5.3.06: Chemical Leaching Losses
5.3.07: Conveyance Efficiency
5.04: System Evaluation
5.05: Irrigation System Capacity
5.06: Determining System Capacity Requirements
5.07: Operational Factors
5.08: System Characteristics
5.09: Safety with Irrigation Systems
5.10: Irrigation Efficiency and Water Resources Sustainability
5.11: Summary
5.12: Questions
5.13: References
06: Irrigation Scheduling
6.01: Introduction
6.02: Plant Response to ET and Soil Water
6.03: Capacity of the Soil Water Reservoir
6.3.01: Plant Root Zone
6.04: Irrigation Scheduling for Soil Water Maintenance
6.4.01: Checkbook Accounting Method
6.4.02: Simplified Checkbook Method
6.4.03: Soil Water Measurement Method
6.05: Scheduling Using Plant Status Indicators
6.5.01: Leaf Water Potential
6.5.02: Plant Canopy Temperature
6.5.03: Other Plant Status Indicators
6.5.04: Stage of Plant Development
6.06: Variable Rate Irrigation Management
6.07: Summary
6.08: Questions
6.09: References
07: Salinity Management
7.01: Introduction
7.02: Origin of Salt in Soils
7.03: Measurement of Salinity
7.04: Crop Salt Tolerance
7.05: Sodicity
7.06: Toxicity
7.07: Leaching
7.08: Reclamation
7.8.01: Saline Soils
7.8.02: Sodic Soils
7.09: Salinity and the Environment
7.10: Summary
7.11: Questions
7.12: References
08: Pump and Pipeline Hydraulics
8.01: Introduction
8.02: Basic Hydraulics
8.03: Pressure Loss
8.3.01: Computing Losses Due to Friction
8.3.02: Minor Losses Due to Pipeline Fittings
8.04: Pipelines
8.05: Pumps
8.06: Power Requirements
8.07: Energy Consumption
8.08: Summary
8.09: Questions
8.10: References
09: Water Supply Systems
9.01: Introduction
9.02: Water Rights and Laws
9.03: Aquifers
9.04: Groundwater Supplies
9.4.01: Shallow Wells
9.4.02: Tube or Cased Wells
9.4.03: Deep Wells and Well Hydraulics
9.4.04: Well Construction
9.05: Surface Water Supplies
9.06: Surface Water-Groundwater Interaction
9.07: Reclaimed Water Supplies
9.08: Summary
9.09: Questions
9.10: References
10: Surface Irrigation
10.01: Introduction
10.02: Advance Recession and Infiltration
10.03: Water Balance
10.04: Efficiency
10.05: Management of Sloping Furrow Irrigation Systems
10.06: Basin and Border Irrigation
10.07: Runoff Recovery
10.08: Surge Flow Irrigation
10.09: Summary
10.10: Questions
10.11: References
11: Sprinklers
11.01: Introduction
11.02: System Components
11.03: Sprinkler Performance
11.04: Lateral Design
11.05: Maximum Lateral Inflow
11.06: Sprinkler System Design
11.07: Frost Protection
11.08: Summary
11.09: Questions
11.10: References
12: Moved-Lateral Gun and Traveler Sprinkler Systems
12.01: Introduction
12.02: Periodically Moved Laterals
12.2.01: Types of Systems
12.2.02: Operational Chacteristics
12.2.03: Management Plan
12.2.04: Pressure Distribution
12.2.05: Uniformity Issues
12.2.06: Uniformity Evaluation
12.03: Solid-Set Systems
12.3.01: System Design
12.3.02: Management Problems
12.04: Guns
12.05: Travelers
12.5.01: Gun Performance
12.5.02: Field Layout
12.5.03: Operational Characteristics
12.5.04: Management
12.5.05: Other Issues
12.06: Summary
12.07: Questions
12.08: References
13: Center Pivots and Lateral Moves
13.01: Introduction
13.02: Center Pivot Characteristics
13.03: Application Rate
13.04: Sprinkler and Nozzle Selection
13.05: Depth of Water Applied
13.06: Remote Monitoring of System Operation and Control
13.07: Variable Rate Irrigation
13.08: Community Shared Center Pivot Systems
13.09: Summary
13.10: Questions
13.11: References
14: Microirrigation
14.01: Introduction
14.02: History and Impact
14.03: System Types
14.04: System Components
14.4.01: Control Station
14.4.02: Mainline and Manifolds
14.4.03: Laterals
14.4.04: Water Applicators
14.05: Preventing Clogs
14.5.01: Filtration
14.5.02: Precipitation of Dissolved Solids
14.5.03: Organic Materials
14.5.04: Flushing and Maintenance
14.06: Uniformity
14.6.01: Emitter Discharge
14.6.02: Discharge Versus Pressure
14.6.03: Emission Uniformity
14.07: Management
14.08: Summary
14.09: Questions
14.10: References
15: Chemigation
15.01: Introduction
15.02: Chemical Injection Pumps
15.03: Backflow Prevention and Other Safety Devices
15.04: Management of Chemigation Systems
15.4.01: Injection Rates and Calibration of Injection Devices
15.4.02: Flushing the Injection and Irrigation System
15.05: Summary
15.06: Questions
15.07: References